滦平县志
Location
Luanping County is located in the northeast of Hebei Province, southwest of Chengde City, in north latitude 40°39’21’’-41°12’53’’, longitude 116°40’15’’-117°46’03’’, at a place where Beijing and Chengde City meet, being 165 km from the second loop road of Beijing City, 120 km from the Capital International Airport, 65 km from Mountain Resort in Chengde, 275 km from Tianjin City, 465 km from Shijiazhuang, the capital city of Hebei Province.
Administrative Area
Luanping County has a total area of 2,993 km², with the length of 95.7 km from east to west, the width of 67 km from north to south, is adjacent to Shuangluan District east, Chengde County southeast, Fengning County and Longhua County north and border Huairou County and Miyun County of Beijing on west and southwest, with a boundary of 113 km. As one of the 14 counties of the
Traffic
Railway
There’re 4 railways in the county, with a total length of 144.22 km, among those one is in the construction. The Beijing to TongLiao railway, which was built in 1973 and reached the second class of the national railway standard, stretches 110.2 km in the county territory with 14 sites. The first-stage project of ZhangBaiWan to ShuangLuan railway is 24.02 km long and reaches the third class of the local railway standard. The Hushenha to SangGenDaLai local railway starts at the HuShenHa town, stops at SangGenDaLai of Xilin Gol League in the
Highway
There’re 1 express way, 2 national highways (The State Road 101 and 112), 4 provincial highways in Luanping, and
The
The County South Loop Wire Road, which began construction at the end of December of 2010 casting a total investment of ￥307,000,000, with ￥237,000,000 project investment and ￥70,000,000 acquisition demolition cost, is 9.368 km long. Recently, the completed section has been extended to Nangoumen of Zhangbaiwan Town connecting with the State Road 112 and State Road 101. With the route length of about 7.5 km, including 2.37 km changed road and 5.5 new built roads, the total length of the south loop wire has been 15.39 km, with a total investment of ￥457,000,000.
The State Road 112, as the first national road, starting at Gaobeidian, by way of
Transportation
There are 137 registered passenger cars and 414 taxi cars in Luanping. According to resources, in 2011, the highway traffic passenger volume was 353,000, the passenger transport of highways was 18,954,400 passenger-km, the highway cargo transportation capacity was 4,586,000 tons, cargo turnover was 54,680,000 tons / km, respectively taking 83.46% and 86.88% of the total social freight volume. Highway has been the main transportation mode in
Culture and History
Luanping was established as a county in 1778 (the forty-three years of Qianlong), history can be traced back to 6800 years ago, Shanrong nationality lived here for more than 700 years from Shang Dynasty and Zhou Dynasty to the Warring States Period, forming the distinctive ethnic characteristics of Shanrong culture. There are 5 imperial path site and 8 palace ruins of the Qing Dynasty, more than 360 sites, relics and ancient buildings of all types, and 10 important cultural relics protection units above the provincial level. The Kangxi, Qianlong, Jiaqing, and Xianfeng Emperor, walked by the ancient imperial path of Luanping for more than 230 times when they patrolled north for the Summer Resort to spend holidays and hunted in Mulan Paddock in autumns. Among them, the Kangxi and Qianlong emperor journeyed to and fro the most frequently, for more than 90 times respectively. What’s more, the Standard Mandarin pronunciation in Luanping is the Chinese pronunciation acquisition.
Intangible culture
There are 13 civil carnivals, nearly 200 items, more than 20 temple fairs and other folk customs activities. Since 2007, 15 projects of 9 categories have been identified as the representative of the intangible cultural heritage after careful investigation. Among them, 8 projects were assessed as the city-level intangible cultural heritage,namely, The Fair for the God of Fire, The Ten Tones Ensemble from Zhangbaiwan, The Ghost of Cotton from Wudaoliangzi, The Erlongshan Mountain Temple Fair from Laowa, The Pennant Dance, The Two Dada Men Wrestling, and The Swing Dance with Flowers from Huodoushan, and The Fair for the Good Time in Peace from Changshanyu. What’s more, The Ghost of Cotton, The Ten Tones Ensemble and The Erlongshan Mountain Temple Fair are also identified the provincial intangible cultural heritage items. By the end of 2011, the county had declared 3 municipal intangible cultural heritage project, namely, the village folk Double Phonix Temple on the Shuiyunshan Hill from Laowa, the traditional opera Saw the Jar from Dengchang, and the traditional art Feather Painting from Mayingzi.
Shanrong culture
Shanrong, the most powerful ancient minority in North China, originated in western
As a Shanrong habitation , Shanrong people lived here for about seven to eight hundred years from the Western Zhou Period to the early Warring States Period. Shanrong culture remains were found in nearly every township in Luanping, the Xingzhou Manzigou Shanrong graves, Hushenha PaoTaishan Shanrong graves, explored in the three consecutive years from 1976 to 1979, is the earliest discovery of Shanrong culture. And about more than 200 Shanrong tombs were explored and cleaned up from 1990 to 1993 in Hushenha Lishugoumen. The collection of Shanrong relics in the
Nature and Ecology
Land
Luanping is located in the mountainous area, 80% of which is mountain, 10% river, and 10% arable land. The county land area is 4,490,000 mu, of which arable land 343,000 mu, and forest land 2,570,000 mu. The average altitude of the county is 400 meters with the highest peak: Head Mountain in Baicaowa, 1750.4 meters above the sea level, and the lowest point: Chaohe River bank outside the Great Wall of Bakeshenying, 210 meters above the sea level.
Climate
The climate is semi-arid sub-humid continental monsoon climate of
Hydrology
There are four large rivers, namely,
Forestry
Luanping has 2,570,000 mu forest land, 530,000 mu forests, 640,000 mu woodland, 1,000,000 mu barren hills, and 400,000 mu other land, The county’s forest coverage rate is 56.5%, forest volume is 2,600,000 m³, public welfare forest area is 778,700 mu, of which 7,58,700 mu is of the national level and the other 20,000 mu is the provincial forest. The fruit trees planting area here is 212,300 mu, with a yearly output of 18,000 tons. As a characteristic industry, the almond planting area is 596,500 mu, with an yearly output of 2,340 tons. The forestry social total output value is ¥335,000,000.
The county is rich in natural vegetation species, pines, birches, poplars, oaks, maples, Vitex negundo, apricot five, and thorns are growing here, and in recent years, a large number of larches, Pinus tabulaeformis, Robinia pseudoacacias, chestnuts, pears are being planted. What’s more, wild medicinal plant resources are abundant here, the Juglans mandshurica, acanthopanax senticosus, wild soybean, Mongolian Astragalus membranaceus are protected by the state and 21 plants species, such as ephedra, rhodiola etc are of Provincial protection.
Luanping is almost a home for wild animals and birds, there are migratory birds, like common crane, cuckoo, swallow, waxwing etc., residents birds, like chukar, mountain zebra, sparrows, Golden Eagle Owl chicken etc., and passing migrants like wild goose, whooper swans, gulls etc.. wild boar, red fox, roe deer, squirrels, rabbits and so on are common to be found, leopard, Golden Eagle, Buteo hemilasius are the first-degree national protection animals, and other 21 kinds are the second-degree national protected ones, 16 types are the provincial protection ones.
Mineral Resources
Tourism Recourses
Luanping county is an important part of the tourism system in Chengde city.
The Jinshanling Great Wall, known as “the most quintessential part of the Great Wall which stretches for over 10,000 li in length”, is located in Luanping, which is 133 km away from
The Baicaowa National Forest Park, as one of the best preservation of natural plant communities in North China, lies in the place where
Industry Status
The three industrial structure of Luanping county is 15.3:60:24.7.
Agriculture
As an important livestock and poultry and vegetables suppling county near Beijing, Luanping was identified The National Agricultural Products Processing Business Base by the Ministry of agriculture in 2009, The Vegetable Industry Demonstration County of Hebei Province by the provincial government in 2010, and The Supply Demonstration County of the Capital Basket System by Beijing city government in 2011. In 2011, the county's grain output was 100,000,000 kg, grain planting area was 293,400 mu, vegetable planting area was 161,000 mu, vegetable output was 320,000,000 kg. The volume of rearing chicken was 30,180,000 suppled from poultry farmers the led by Luanping Huadu Company of the Capital Agricultural Group. 3,200,000 ducks were suppled from poultry farmers led by the Beijing Sanyuan Golden Star Duck Company. 810,000 pigs were reared, and among them, 110,000 pigs were ecological organic type.
Industry
As an important vanadium and titanium resources county in the northern
Tourism
As an important part of Chengde tourism, the most potential area receiving tourists and consumption from
Social Undertakings
Education
There are 137 schools in the county, including 1 vocational education center, 2 senior high schools, 8 junior high schools, 124primary schools, 1 special education school, 1 public kindergarten, and other 138 preschool education classes in rural areas. The number of students is 51,148, including 2,039 vocational education center students, 5,698 high school students, 9928 junior high school students, 19,711 special education school students, 62 primary school students, 861 kids in the public kindergarten, and 12,849 rural children in preschool education classes. In high schools, the average class capacity is 59.4 persons, in junior high schools 48.78, and in primary schools 29.8. And there are 3204 teaching and administrative staff, 156 persons in vocational education center, 336 in high schools, 761 in junior high schools, 1,331 in primary schools, 24 in special education school, 56 people in the public kindergarten, 270 in the preschool education classes, and special village teachers 270 people.
Health
There are 43 medical and health institutions, among them, the County Hospital, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Maternal and Children Health Hospital, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Health Supervision Institute are in the downtown, while 37 township hospitals and 1 community health service centers are in villages and towns. Besides, Luanping has 2 private hospitals and 205 village clinics. There are 1362 technical personnel in the institutions, taking 95% out of the total employees of 1434 people. And there are 870 beds in hospitals, and 81 extra beds for urgent need, 2.97 beds per thousand persons. In 2011, the county medical institutions outpatient volume was 971,900 person-time and 31,000 persons were hospitalized.
Social security
At the end of 2011, there were 304,000 people insuring in the 9 insurance of 5 categories, and the collection of all kinds of social insurance fund was ¥214,000,000. 46,000 people were paid ¥170,000,000 from the insurance fund, and the accumulative balance was ¥454,000,000.
Employment
In 2011, the total amount of migrant workers were 64,100 person-time, among wich 19,000 person-time were organized, 51,000 person-time were out to Beijing and Tianjin, the most concentrated area of labor services export, 11,500 person-time transferred from rural labor to non-agricultural industries, and 2,386 people received employment training.
Religion
As a provincial autonomous county of ethnic minorities, the minority population are 194,000 people of 30 minority nationality, accounting for 61% of the total population. And as a provincial major religious work county, there are nearly 37,000 religious believers of Catholic, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, and Taoism, 11 places for religious activities, and 34 religious personnel.
Demography and Town and Village Construction
At the end of 2011, the total population of Luanping was 318,000 people, 113,000 households, with the 1.06:1 sex ratio. As a national poverty county, Luanping had a poverty population of 106,000, accounting for 33.3% of the total population, and 43.3% of the agricultural population. There were 68,000 people living in the downtown, which had a built area of 7.45 km², and a construction area of 1,880,000 km². With the 34% urbanization rate, the per capita residential area of Luanping was 29 m², the county central heating area was 1,530,000 m², the per capita green area was 11.9 m². The